<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<Text-field style="Title" layout="Title">H/ratk/harj 7.mws (AV ja LV )</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Author" layout="Author">2002 HA</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Katso mallia my\313\206s luentoty\313\206arkilta  </Font><Font bold="true" style="Text">L/mtaylor.mws</Font></Text-field>
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<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">restart:</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L4" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">with(linalg): with(LinearAlgebra): with(plots):</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L5" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">setoptions3d(axes=boxed,orientation=[-30,50],style=patchcontour):</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L6" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">alias(Tr=Transpose):</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L7" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Text" bold="true" layout="List Item"><Font bold="true">Ohjeita:</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item">LinearAlgebra/linalg-matriisit:</Text-field>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Siirtym\342\200\260kauden hankaluus on tietorakennekonversiotarve. </Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item">Suosituksia:</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Bullet Item" layout="Bullet Item"><Font style="Maple Input" executable="false">H:=Matrix(hessian(f(x,y),[x,y]));  g:= Vector(grad(f(x,y),[x,y]);
</Font><Font encoding="UTF-8">Kannattaa n\342\200\260in muuttaa vanhat rakenteet uusiksi, t\342\200\260ll\313\206in </Font><Font style="Maple Input" executable="false">subs </Font>toimii normaalisti, samoin matriisikertolasku muodossa<Font style="Maple Input" executable="false"> A.B;</Font></Text-field>
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<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
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<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">1 AV ja 2LV</Text-field></Title>
<Group labelreference="L9" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f:=(x,y)-&gt;cos(x+sin(y)); </Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L10" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">1. derivaatat:</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Katsotaan ensin derivaattafunktioita, vaikka niit\342\200\260 ei Maplella laskettaessa tarvitsisi edes n\342\200\260hd\342\200\260:</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L11" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">D[1](f),D[2](f),D[1,1](f), D[1,1,2](f),D[1,2,2,2](f);</Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L12" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Lasketaan sitten systemaattisesti kehityspisteess\342\200\260 p=(0,0).</Font></Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L13" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">p:=0,0;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L14" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">D1f:=D[1](f)(p);D2f:=D[2](f)(p);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L15" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">D11f:=D[1,1](f)(p);D12f:=D[1,2](f)(p);D22f:=D[2,2](f)(p);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L16" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">D111f:=D[1,1,1](f)(p);D112f:=D[1,1,2](f)(p);D122f:=D[1,2,2](f)(p);D222f:=D[2,2,2](f)(p);</Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L17" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">T2:=f(p)+(D1f*h1+D2f*h2)+(1/2)*(D11f*h1^2+2*D12f*h1*h2+D22f*h2^2);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L18" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">h1:=0.1: h2:=-0.2:</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L19" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">T2;</Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L20" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f(h1,h2);</Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L21" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f(h1,h2)-T2;</Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L22" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">T\342\200\260m\342\200\260 on samalla suhteellinen virhe. T\342\200\260ss\342\200\260 tapauksessa, kun kolmannet derivaatat O:ssa ovat nollia, kyseess\342\200\260 on samalla 3. asteen Taylorin polynomi ja j\342\200\260\342\200\260nn\313\206stermi on siten jopa || h^4|| O(h).</Font></Text-field>
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<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">LV</Text-field></Title>
<Group labelreference="L23" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">&quot;Tuotantoajossa&quot; emme turhan takia ota v\342\200\260liapumuuttujia, vaan kirjoitamme suoraan:</Font></Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L24" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">h1:='h1': h2:='h2':</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L25" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">Tay[4]:=T2+(1/4!)*(D[1,1,1,1](f)(p)*h1^4+4*D[1,1,1,2](f)(p)*h1^3*h2+6*D[1,1,2,2](f)(p)*h1^2*h2^2+4*D[1,2,2,2](f)(p)*h1*h2^3+D[2,2,2,2](f)(p)*h2^4);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L26" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">mtaylor(f(x,y),[x=0,y=0],5);</Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L27" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Oikein meni, mutta alkaa olla tuskaista ja virhealtista.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Eleganteimmasta p\342\200\260\342\200\260st\342\200\260 oleva oma koodi olisi se, jonka kirjoitin ty\313\206arkille </Font><Font bold="true" style="Text">mtaylor.mws </Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">T\342\200\260ss\342\200\260 on sekin hienous, ett\342\200\260 k\342\200\260ytt\342\200\260j\342\200\260n tarvitsee tuntea vain 1. muuttujan Taylorin lause, Maple johtaa sen ja ketjus\342\200\260\342\200\260nn\313\206n avulla laskiessaan samalla kahden muuttujan kaavan. </Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Hintana t\342\200\260lle mukavuudella on </Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">a) laskenta on aika hidasta  ja b) tuossa jouduin hieman kokeilemaan oikeanlaista j\342\200\260rjestyst\342\200\260 komenoille.</Font></Text-field>
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<Input>
<Text-field style="Maple Output12" layout="Maple Output12"><Font encoding="UTF-8">1)  Osaamme periaatteessa laskea k\342\200\260sin editoiden (tarpeen mukaan Maplea esim. binomikaavan laskijana hy\313\206dynt\342\200\260en).   </Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Maple Output12" layout="Maple Output12"><Font encoding="UTF-8">2)  Opetteluvaiheen j\342\200\260lkeen tositarpeeseen voimme aina k\342\200\260ytt\342\200\260\342\200\260 </Font><Font style="2D Input" executable="false">mtaylor</Font>-funktiota.</Text-field>
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<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Katsotaan piirt\342\200\260mist\342\200\260 seuraavassa teht\342\200\260v\342\200\260ss\342\200\260. T\342\200\260ss\342\200\260 voitaisiin tehd\342\200\260 aivan samoin, mutta antaapa olla.</Font></Text-field>
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<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">2 AV ja  1 LV</Text-field></Title>
<Group labelreference="L30" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f:=(x,y)-&gt;1/(2+x-2*y);p:=(2,1);</Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L31" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">1. derivaatat:</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Katsotaan ensin derivaattafunktioita, vaikka niit\342\200\260 ei Maplella laskettaessa tarvitsisi edes n\342\200\260hd\342\200\260:</Font></Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L32" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">D[1](f),D[2](f);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L33" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Lasketaan n\342\200\260iden arvot kehityspisteess\342\200\260 p:=(2,1):</Font></Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L34" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">D1f:=D[1](f)(p);D2f:=D[2](f)(p);</Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L35" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">2. derivaatat:</Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L36" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">D[1,1](f); </Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L37" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Pysyv\342\200\260t k\342\200\260sinlaskukelpoisina, kun sis\342\200\260funktioista tulee vain vakioita. Lasketaan taas kehityspisteess\342\200\260:</Font></Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L38" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">D11f:=D[1,1](f)(p);D12f:=D[1,2](f)(p);D22f:=D[2,2](f)(p);</Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L39" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">3. derivaatat:</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L40" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">D111f:=D[1,1,1](f)(p);D112f:=D[1,1,2](f)(p);D122f:=D[1,2,2](f)(p);D222f:=D[2,2,2](f)(p);</Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L41" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">T3:=f(p)+(D1f*h1+D2f*h2)+
(1/2)*(D11f*h1^2+2*D12f*h1*h2+D22f*h2^2)+
(1/3!)*(D111f*h1^3+4*D112f*h1^2*h2+4*D122f*h1*h2^2+D222f*h2^3);</Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L42" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">T3:=subs(h1=x-2,h2=y-1,T3);</Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L43" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">H:=0.6:display([plot3d(f(x,y),x=2-H..2+H,y=1-H..1+H),plot3d(T3,x=2-H..2+H,y=1-H..1+H,color=yellow)]);</Text-field>
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<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">display([plot3d(T3,x=2-H..2+H,y=1-H..1+H,color=yellow)]);</Text-field>
</Input>
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<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Section>
<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">3 AV</Text-field></Title>
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<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">restart:  </Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L46" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Neli\313\206muoto p\342\200\260\342\200\260akselikoordinaattien avulla lausuttuna on</Font></Text-field>
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<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">q:=Sum(lambda[i]*y[i]^2,i=1..n);</Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L48" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item"><Font encoding="UTF-8">1) Jos kaikki ominaisarvot &gt; 0, niin q:n arvot kaikissa O:sta poikkeavissa pisteiss\342\200\260 ovat &gt; 0, joten pos. def.</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item"><Font encoding="UTF-8">2) Jos kaikki ominaisarvot &lt; 0, niin q:n arvot kaikissa O:sta poikkeavissa pisteiss\342\200\260 ovat &lt; 0, joten neg. def.</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item">3) Jos kaikki ominaisarvot ei-negatiivisia ja jokin ominaisarvo <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="">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</Equation><Font encoding="UTF-8">, niin ensinn\342\200\260kin q &gt;=0. Valitsemalla muut  </Font><Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="">LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEieUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1GIzYjLUYvNiVRImlGJ0YyRjUvJS9zdWJzY3JpcHRzaGlmdEdRIjBGJw==</Equation>:t 0:ksi ja <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="">LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2J1EhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJStleGVjdXRhYmxlR0YxLyUwZm9udF9zdHlsZV9uYW1lR1EpMkR+SW5wdXRGJy8lLG1hdGh2YXJpYW50R1EnaXRhbGljRictRiM2JS1JJW1zdWJHRiQ2JS1GLDYlUSJ5RidGL0Y3LUYjNiMtRiw2JVEia0YnRi9GNy8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnLUkjbW9HRiQ2LVElJm5lO0YnL0Y4USdub3JtYWxGJy8lJmZlbmNlR1EmZmFsc2VGJy8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGUi8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R0ZSLyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0ZSLyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGUi8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRlIvJSdhY2NlbnRHRlIvJSdsc3BhY2VHUSwwLjI3Nzc3NzhlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR0Zbby1JI21uR0YkNiRGSUZORis=</Equation>,  saadaan q:n arvoksi 0, eli q = 0 k:nnella ominaisvektorilla. Siis pos. semidef.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item">4) Neg. semidef. aivan vastaavasti.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item"><Font encoding="UTF-8">5) Jos lambda[i] &lt;0 ja lambda[j] &gt; 0, niin valitsemalla muut y-koordinaatit 0:ksi, n\342\200\260hd\342\200\260\342\200\260n, ett\342\200\260 q &gt; 0 yj-akselilla ja q&lt;0 yi-akselilla.</Font></Text-field>
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<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">4 AV</Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
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<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">alias(IdM=IdentityMatrix,IM=MatrixInverse):</Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L50" drawlabel="true">
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<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">A:=&lt;&lt;a,c&gt;|&lt;c,b&gt;&gt;;</Text-field>
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<Group labelreference="L51" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">p:=det(A-lambda*IdM(2)); # T\342\200\260ss\342\200\260 on k\342\200\260ytett\342\200\260v\342\200\260 linalgin det-funktiota, LinearAlgebran Determinant menee kummallisen virheeseen.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L52" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">p:=collect(p,lambda); #p:=algsubs(a*b-c^2=detA,%);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L53" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">expand((lambda-lambda[1])*(lambda-lambda[2])): collect(%,lambda);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L54" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">(Karakteristisen polynomin korkeimman asteen termin kerroin on (-1)^n, t\342\200\260ss\342\200\260 n=2.)</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L55" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item">1) Jos detA &gt; 0, ominaisarvot samanmerkkiset =&gt; definiitti.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item">      Koska ominaisarvojen summa = a+b ja a:n ja b:n oltava samanmerkkiset, niin ominaisarvojen merkki on sama kuin a:n       merkki = b:n merkki</Text-field>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item">2)  Jos detA &lt; 0, ominaisarvot ovat erimerkkiset =&gt; indefiniitti.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="List Item" layout="List Item"><Font encoding="UTF-8">3)  Jos detA=0, on ainakin toinen ominaisarvo =0. (Toinen on joko &gt; 0, &lt; 0 tai =0 (jee!)). Niinp\342\200\260 semidefiniittisyys on      tosiasia. Posit, jos a+b &gt;0 ja negat, jos &lt;0.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
</Section>
<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">5 AV , 3LV </Text-field></Title>
<Group labelreference="L56" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f:=x^3+y^3-3*x*y;g:=grad(f,[x,y]);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L57" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Lasketaan ensin &quot;k\342\200\260sin&quot;:</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">  x^2 =y </Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">  y^2=x</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"> =&gt; x^4 = x =&gt; x=0 tai x=1</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Saadaan pisteet (0,0) ja (1,1). N\342\200\260m\342\200\260 ovat KRP:t.</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Katsotaan, miten Maplen solve p\342\200\260rj\342\200\260\342\200\260:</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L58" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">ratkaisujoukot:=solve({g[1]=0,g[2]=0},{x,y});#allvalues(%[3]);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L59" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Saatiin samat reaaliset ratkaisut ja lis\342\200\260ksi muotoa RootOf olevia polynomiyht\342\200\260l\313\206it\342\200\260:</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L60" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">ratkaisujoukot[3];</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L61" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">allvalues(%);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L62" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Komento allvalues yritt\342\200\260\342\200\260 ratkaista RootOf-muotoja ja onnistuu saamaan kompleksiratkaisuja. Niist\342\200\260 emme ole kiinnostuneita. Onneksi osasimme p\342\200\260\342\200\260tell\342\200\260, ett\342\200\260 tuossa yll\342\200\260 olivat kaikki reaaliset ratkaisut, tied\342\200\260mme siten, ett\342\200\260 t\342\200\260ss\342\200\260 tapauksessa Maple l\313\206ysi ne kaikki. (No, teht\342\200\260v\342\200\260 ei ollut vaikea!)</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L63" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">KRP:=&lt;0,0&gt;,&lt;1,1&gt;;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L64" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">H:=Matrix(hessian(f,[x,y]));H00:=subs(x=0,y=0,H);H11:=subs(x=1,y=1,H);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L65" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">K\342\200\260sin laskiessa p\342\200\260\342\200\260st\342\200\260\342\200\260n v\342\200\260h\342\200\260ll\342\200\260 laskemalla det:</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L66" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">det(H00);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L67" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Maplella voidaan yht\342\200\260 hyvin laskea suoraan ominaisarvot.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L68" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">Eigenvalues(H00);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L69" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Johtop\342\200\260\342\200\260t\313\206s on sama: ominaisarvot erimerkkiset, joten </Font><Font bold="true" style="Text">(0,0) on satulapiste.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L70" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">det(H11),trace(H11);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L71" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Trace laskee diagonaalialkioiden summan (tietysti riitt\342\200\260\342\200\260 katsahtaa matriisiin p\342\200\260in n\342\200\260hd\342\200\260kseen, ett\342\200\260 molemmat diagonaalialkiot ovat positiivisia).</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Katsotaan nyt viel\342\200\260 suoraan:</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L72" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">Eigenvalues(H11);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L73" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Varmaakin varmemmin:  ominaisarvot positiiviset =&gt; <Font bold="true" style="Text">(1,1) on  min-piste.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L74" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">H:=0.5:plot3d(f,x=-H..H,y=-H..H,style=patchcontour,title=&quot;Satulapiste (0,0)&quot;);plot3d(f,x=1-H..1+H,y=1-H..1+H,style=patchcontour,title=&quot;Minimipiste (1,1)&quot;);</Text-field>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L75" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Siisti\342\200\260!</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L76" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot3d(f,x=-2..3,y=-2..3,style=patchcontour,title=&quot;Laajempi alue&quot;);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L77" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
</Section>
<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">4 LV</Text-field></Title>
<Group labelreference="L78" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f:=cos(x)+cos(y):</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L79" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">nablaf:=grad(f,[x,y]);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L80" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">KRP: sin(x)=0</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">          sin(y)=0</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Ratk:  <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="">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</Equation> , <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="">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</Equation>  .</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L81" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Lasketaan Hessen matriisi kriittisiss\342\200\260 pisteiss\342\200\260. Tehd\342\200\260\342\200\260n laskut &quot;k\342\200\260sin&quot;</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L82" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">H:=Matrix([[f11,f12],[f12,f22]]);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L83" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f11:=diff(nablaf[1],x);f12:=diff(nablaf[1],y);f22:=diff(nablaf[2],y);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L84" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">H;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L85" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">Hkrp:=&lt;&lt;(-1)^(m+1),0&gt;|&lt;0,(-1)^(n+1)&gt;&gt;;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L86" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Matriisi on diagonaalimatriisi, joten teht\342\200\260v\342\200\260 on valmiiksi p\342\200\260\342\200\260akselimuodossa (ominaisarvot p\342\200\260\342\200\260l\342\200\260vist\342\200\260j\342\200\260ll\342\200\260).</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">P\342\200\260\342\200\260telm\342\200\260t:</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Bullet Item" layout="Bullet Item">m ja n parittomia: ominaisarvot &gt; 0, pos. def.  ==&gt; min</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Bullet Item" layout="Bullet Item">m ja n parillisia: ominaisarvot &lt; 0, neg. def.  ==&gt; min</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Bullet Item" layout="Bullet Item"><Font encoding="UTF-8">toinen parillinen ja toinen pariton : indefiniitti ==&gt; satulapiste (ei \342\200\260\342\200\260riarvo)</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L87" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Koska n\342\200\260emme funktiosta suoraan, ett\342\200\260  -2 &lt; = f(x,y) &lt;= 2 ja paikalliset min/max-arvot ovat -2 ja 2, niin paikalliset \342\200\260\342\200\260riarvot ovat globaaleja koko R^2:ssa.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L88" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Pisteiden vuorottelu tasossa voidaan vaikka esitt\342\200\260\342\200\260 matriisina, jossa 1 tarkoitta maksimia, -1 minimi\342\200\260 ja 0 satulapistett\342\200\260.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L89" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">&lt;&lt;-1,0,-1&gt;|&lt;0,1,0&gt;|&lt;-1,0,-1&gt;&gt;;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L90" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Keskimm\342\200\260imm\342\200\260inen 1 edustaa O:a (m ja n parillisia).</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Matriisia vastaava pintakuva ja korkeusk\342\200\260yr\342\200\260kuva:</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L91" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot3d(f,x=-Pi..Pi,y=-Pi..Pi,axes=box,style=patchcontour);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L92" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">contourplot(f,x=-Pi..Pi,y=-Pi..Pi,axes=box);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L93" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot3d(f,x=-2*Pi..2*Pi,y=-2*Pi..2*Pi,axes=box,style=patchcontour);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L94" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">Maple-ratkaisu</Text-field></Title>
<Group labelreference="L95" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Edell\342\200\260 laskimme Maplella &quot;k\342\200\260sin&quot;. Tyypillinen Mapleratkaisu voisi edet\342\200\260 seuraavaan tapaan:</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L96" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">with(linalg):</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L97" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f:=cos(x)+cos(y);g:=Vector(grad(f,[x,y]));H:=Matrix(hessian(f,[x,y]));</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L98" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">KRP:=[x=0,y=0],[x=0,y=Pi],[x=Pi,y=0],[x=Pi,y=Pi];</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L99" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">T\342\200\260m\342\200\260n teimme kuitenkin &quot;k\342\200\260sin&quot;. T\342\200\260ss\342\200\260 on kaikki mahdollisuudet Hessen matriiseisksi:</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L100" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">H1:=subs(KRP[1],H);H2:=subs(KRP[2],H);H3:=subs(KRP[3],H);H4:=subs(KRP[4],H);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L101" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Loppu, kuten &quot;k\342\200\260sinlaskussa&quot;.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
</Section>
</Section>
<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">5 LV</Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Tilavuus: V. </Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Sivu- ja kansimateriaali: a mk/m^2</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Pohjamateriaali: 2a mk/m^2</Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L102" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">restart:</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L103" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">with(plottools);with(plots):</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L104" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">display(cuboid([0,0,0],[1,1,1]));
</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L105" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">x*y*z=V;   </Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L106" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Kustannusfunktio:  pohja*2a + (sivut+kansi)*a</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L107" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f:=(x,y,z)-&gt;x*y*2*a + (2*x*z+2*y*z+x*y)*a ;</Text-field>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L108" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Tilavuusehdon perusteella voidaan yksi muuttuja eliminoida:</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L109" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">g:=simplify(f(x,y,V/(x*y)));</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L110" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">T\342\200\260ss\342\200\260 on siis minimoitava funktio (lauseke) joukossa x &gt;0, y&gt;0.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L111" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">dg1:=simplify(diff(g,x));</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L112" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">dg2:=simplify(diff(g,y));</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L113" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">K\342\200\260sin laskemalla saadaan vaivattomasti :</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L114" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">xmin:=((2*V)/3)^(1/3); ymin:=xmin;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L115" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">zmin:=V/(xmin*ymin);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L116" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">minarvo:=f(xmin,ymin,zmin);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L117" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">g:=expand(g);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L118" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Olkoon vaikkapa a=1 ja V=5.  (Periaatteessa tilanne on aivan sam. olivatpa arvot mit\342\200\260 tahansa (positiivisia).)</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L119" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">a:=1: V:=5: g;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L120" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">minarvo;evalf(%);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L121" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L122" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">display(plot([20/(3*x),0.5],x=0.5..12,color=red),plot([[0.5,12],[0.5,0.5],[0.5,3/0.5]],x=0.5..6),plot([[xmin,ymin]],style=point,symbol=cross,symbolsize=20,color=black),view=[0..12,0..12]);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L123" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">T\342\200\260ss\342\200\260 suljetussa ja rajoitetussa joukossa jatkuva funktio g saa minimins\342\200\260. Reunalla se ei sit\342\200\260 saa, koska kaikissa reunapisteiss\342\200\260 funktion arvo on suuremp kuin &quot;ristipisteess\342\200\260&quot;, joka on KRP ja niin ollen ainoa mahdollinen minimipiste</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">ja n\342\200\260inollen minimipiste.</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Punaisen alueen ulkopuolella g on kaikkialla viel\342\200\260kin suurempi, joten &quot;ristipiste&quot; on globaali minimi koko joukossa</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">x&gt;0, y&gt;0 (avoimessa 1. koordinaattonelj\342\200\260nneksess\342\200\260).</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L124" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L125" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">solve({dg1=0,dg2=0},{x,y});</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L126" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">map(allvalues,%);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
</Section>
<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1"><Font encoding="UTF-8">6. Projektiteht\342\200\260v\342\200\260</Font></Text-field></Title>
<Group labelreference="L127" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">with(linalg):</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L128" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f:=(x,y)-&gt;1/x+1/y+sin(x^2*y^2);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L129" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">g:=Vector(grad(f(x,y),[x,y]));
</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L130" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">H:=Matrix(hessian(f(x,y),[x,y]));</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L131" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">KRPyht:=g[1]=0,g[2]=0;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L132" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Yht\342\200\260l\313\206t ovat mutkikkaat, mutta symmetrisen n\342\200\260k\313\206iset. Ei kannatta haaveillakaan, ett\342\200\260 </Font><Font bold="true" style="Text">solve</Font><Font encoding="UTF-8"> p\342\200\260rj\342\200\260isi n\342\200\260ille.  Ensimm\342\200\260inen &quot;insight&quot; voidaan saada piirt\342\200\260m\342\200\260ll\342\200\260 kummankin 0-korkeusk\342\200\260yr\342\200\260 ja etsim\342\200\260ll\342\200\260 niiden leikkauspisteit\342\200\260.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L133" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L134" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">display(implicitplot(g[1]=0,x=0.5..2,y=0.5..2),implicitplot(g[2]=0,x=0.5..2,y=0.5..2,color=blue));</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L135" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">KRPa:=fsolve({KRPyht},{x=1,y=1});</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L136" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">KRPb:=fsolve({KRPyht},{x=0.9,y=0.9});</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L137" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">KRPb:=fsolve({KRPyht},{x=1.5,y=1.5});</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L138" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">N\342\200\260ytt\342\200\260\342\200\260p\342\200\260 noita l\313\206ytyv\342\200\260n.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L139" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">display(implicitplot(g[1]=0,x=1.2..2,y=1.2..2),implicitplot(g[2]=0,x=1.2..2,y=1.2..2,color=blue));</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L140" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">implicitplot(g[2]=0,x=1.2..2,y=1.2..2,color=blue);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L141" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Nyt on pakko ottaa kyn\342\200\260 ja paperi avuksi.</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">K\342\200\260sin sievennys k\342\200\260y helposti ja johtaa:</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L142" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">yhtsys:=x^3*y^2*cos(x^2*y^2)=1,x^2*y^3*cos(x^2*y^2)=1;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L143" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Puolittain jakamalla:</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L144" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">x=y,2*x^5*cos(x^4)=1;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L145" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot(2*x^5*cos(x^4)-1,x=0.9..2.1);plot(2*x^5*cos(x^4)-1,x=0.8..1.1);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L146" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">x1:=fsolve(2*x^5*cos(x^4)=1,x=1);x2:=fsolve(2*x^5*cos(x^4)=1,x=1.4);x3:=fsolve(2*x^5*cos(x^4)=1,x=1.7);x4:=fsolve(2*x^5*cos(x^4)=1,x=1.8);x5:=fsolve(2*x^5*cos(x^4)=1,x=1.9);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L147" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">KRP:=[x1,x1],[x2,x2],[x3,x3],[x4,x4],[x5,x5];</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L148" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot3d(f(x,y),x=0.5..1.5,y=0.5..1.5);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L149" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">H:=Matrix(hessian(f(x,y),[x,y]));</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L150" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">H1:=subs(x=x1,y=x1,H);H2:=subs(x=x2,y=x2,H);H3:=subs(x=x3,y=x3,H);H4:=subs(x=x4,y=x4,H);H5:=subs(x=x5,y=x5,H);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L151" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">det(H1),[det(H2),trace(H2)],[det(H3),trace(H3)],[det(H4),trace(H4)],det(H5);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L152" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">P1: satulapiste, P2: min, P3: satula, P4: min, P5: satula</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L153" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot3d(f(x,y),x=1..2,y=1..2);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L154" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L155" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">x0:=x1:H:=0.1:plot3d(f(x,y),x=x0-H..x0+H,y=x0-H..x0+H,style=patchcontour);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L156" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">[x1,x1],&quot;on satula&quot;;</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L157" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">x0:=x2:H:=0.0005:plot3d(f(x,y),x=x0-H..x0+H,y=x0-H..x0+H,style=patchcontour);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L158" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">[x2,x2],&quot; on minimi, vaikka kuvasta ei zoomaamallakaan aivan varmasti n\342\200\260e.&quot;;</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L159" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">x0:=x3:H:=0.004:plot3d(f(x,y),x=x0-H..x0+H,y=x0-H..x0+H);[x3,x3],&quot; on satula, mutta loppuun saa zoomata, eik\342\200\260 aivan varmasti silti n\342\200\260e&quot;;</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L160" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">x0:=x4:H:=0.001:plot3d(f(x,y),x=x0-H..x0+H,y=x0-H..x0+H);[x4,x4],&quot; Hesse kertoo, ett\342\200\260 min, katsopa siit\342\200\260 nyt!&quot;;</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L161" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">x0:=x5:H:=0.001:plot3d(f(x,y),x=x0-H..x0+H,y=x0-H..x0+H);[x4,x4],&quot; Hesse kertoo, ett\342\200\260 satula.&quot;;</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L162" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L163" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f(x1,x1),f(x2,x2),f(x3,x3),f(x4,x4),f(x5,x5);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L164" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot([f(x,1),f(x,2),f(1,x),f(2,x)],x=1..2,color=[black,red,blue,green]);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L165" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">f(2,1.66);evalf(f(1,1));</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L166" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Globaali johtop\342\200\260\342\200\260t\313\206s on siis: suurin </Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L167" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">[x1,x1],f(x1,x1);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L168" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">ja pienin KRP:ss\342\200\260 P4, arvo = 0.0980005359, joka on pienint\342\200\260 reuna-arvoa pienemnpi:</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L169" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">'f(2,1.66)'=f(2,1.66);'f(x4,x4)'=f(x4,x4);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L170" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">b)-kohta: Tarkoittaa minimi\342\200\260 1. koordinaattinelj\342\200\260nneksess\342\200\260. Korjattu versio: Osoita, ett\342\200\260 pienint\342\200\260 ei ole.</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">T\342\200\260m\342\200\260 johtuu vaikkapa nyt siit\342\200\260, ett\342\200\260  suoralla y=x </Font><Font bold="true" style="Text">sini</Font><Font encoding="UTF-8"> saa miten kaukana tahansa arvon -1 ja t\342\200\260t\342\200\260 suoraa pitkin funktion arvojen inf = -1, koska 1/x =1/y l\342\200\260henee</Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">0:aa. Kuitenkaan arvoa -1 ei miss\342\200\260\342\200\260n saavuteta, koska </Font><Font bold="true" style="Text">siniin </Font><Font encoding="UTF-8">aina lis\342\200\260t\342\200\260\342\200\260n jotain positiivista (1/x+1/y).</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L171" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Aika ovela teht\342\200\260v\342\200\260, enp\342\200\260 ihmettele, vaikka Suvi ja Meri eiv\342\200\260t ihan joka yksityiskohtaa olisi jaksaneetkaan, vaan jaksoivat kaiken, mit\342\200\260 teht\342\200\260v\342\200\260ss\342\200\260 kysyttiin. (Nuo lokaalien luonteet olivat ylim\342\200\260\342\200\260r\342\200\260ist\342\200\260, mutta mielenkiintoista.)
Itsell\342\200\260kin riitti riemua t\342\200\260st\342\200\260 ihan pitk\342\200\260\342\200\260n! </Font></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Tuokin on tosi ovelaa, ett\342\200\260 funktiolla voi olla minimilaaksojen v\342\200\260liss\342\200\260 &quot;harjanteita&quot;, jotka l\342\200\260helt\342\200\260 katsottaessa (laskettaessa) osoittautuvat &quot;satulahuippuisiksi .</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
</Section>
<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Luentoteht\342\200\260viin liittyv\342\200\260\342\200\260 </Font></Text-field></Title>
</Section>
<Group labelreference="L172" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">F:=1/x+1/y+x*y;plot3d(F,x=1/3..3,y=1/3..3/x,style=patchcontour);</Text-field>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L173" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">A:=Matrix([[17,6],[6,8]]);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L174" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">eigenvectors(A);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L175" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">display(plot(16/x^2,x=2..4),contourplot(x^2+y^2,x=0..4,y=0..16,contours=[6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,15],color=blue),scaling=constrained);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L176" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L177" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
</Worksheet>